Rafael Hajjar

Rafael Hajjar

Economist

Computer science and Robotics student at the University of Pennsylvania with a background in Quantitative Research at Point 72.

school

Education

University of Pennsylvania

Articles by Rafael Hajjar

What drives unexpected AI token cost for businesses?

ARTICLE

What drives unexpected AI token cost for businesses?

AI token costs aren't random. Ramp data reveals six structural drivers behind budget surprises, from the agentic multiplier to model tier migration.

How much do AI tokens cost businesses?

ARTICLE

How much do AI tokens cost businesses?

See what businesses actually paid for AI tokens in 2026—real PEPM benchmarks by model depth, spend distribution data, and what drives costs up or down.